Data. U.S. Department of Education, College Scorecard (opens in a new tab), updated June 10, 2026; Lighthouse Prep analysis of 954 four-year colleges. Each bar is the median of the colleges’ own median earnings, in 2022 dollars, for federally aided students who started in 2009-10 or 2010-11, measured ten years later and including students who did not graduate. Average SAT is for students admitted in fall 2024.
Caveats. Higher-SAT colleges also enroll more students from higher-income families and more science and engineering majors; adjusting for those shrinks the gap by about 40%. Among students from families earning $30,000 or less, the medians are $50,000 vs. $78,208. Comparing similar applicants, Dale and Krueger (opens in a new tab) (2002 and 2014 (opens in a new tab)) found much of the gap reflects who enrolls.
Study. Chetty, Deming and Friedman (opens in a new tab), Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2026, covering applicants to Ivy-Plus colleges. Scores predict later outcomes; the study does not show that raising a score raises earnings.